Inclusion of Chawhte (Chothe) in the CNPO Monolith with reference to Chothe Genealogy and Kuki-Chin Identity of the Riam/Rem/Riem Group
~ LB. Ralngam Chawhte (Historian) & Dr.TS Haokip, 17th Dec. 2024
"Undaunted infront of the KAMKEI RANGPA (Tiger)," believed to be sent by a sorcerer named DOIKUNGPU, the Chothe (Chawhte) like its other blood related Kuki-Chin brothers emerged out from a cave called Hurpi (Hurpi Thoranga) which is also called as Khur/ Khul/Khurpui/ Singlung/ Chhinlung by other Kuki-Chin tribes meaning 'Cave'. Some of the Chothe ancestral settlement in present day Manipur are Chothe Munpi and Kangvai in Churachandpur district, Oksongbung of Moirang, Chainapung (near the Western hillock Ningthoukhong), Purum Khong (near Samu-Manbi hillock), and Lamangtung/ Lamlaitong (Langmeidong) in Bishenpur district. They also had settled in several locations in the present day Imphal West district such as Sanakeithel (Lamphel), Khwairambam, Kongba, Langmaiching, Sagolmang, and Moirangkhom respectively, including Purum Pan in the Eastern side of Kakching of Thoubal district, Pallel, Bungkung Lamshuk (Charangching) and others in Chandel district, and Khongkhang in Tengnoupal district. According to the 2011 census, the total population of the Chothe tribe in Manipur is 3,585.
~ LB. Ralngam Chawhte (Historian) & Dr.TS Haokip, 17th Dec. 2024
"Undaunted infront of the KAMKEI RANGPA (Tiger)," believed to be sent by a sorcerer named DOIKUNGPU, the Chothe (Chawhte) like its other blood related Kuki-Chin brothers emerged out from a cave called Hurpi (Hurpi Thoranga) which is also called as Khur/ Khul/Khurpui/ Singlung/ Chhinlung by other Kuki-Chin tribes meaning 'Cave'. Some of the Chothe ancestral settlement in present day Manipur are Chothe Munpi and Kangvai in Churachandpur district, Oksongbung of Moirang, Chainapung (near the Western hillock Ningthoukhong), Purum Khong (near Samu-Manbi hillock), and Lamangtung/ Lamlaitong (Langmeidong) in Bishenpur district. They also had settled in several locations in the present day Imphal West district such as Sanakeithel (Lamphel), Khwairambam, Kongba, Langmaiching, Sagolmang, and Moirangkhom respectively, including Purum Pan in the Eastern side of Kakching of Thoubal district, Pallel, Bungkung Lamshuk (Charangching) and others in Chandel district, and Khongkhang in Tengnoupal district. According to the 2011 census, the total population of the Chothe tribe in Manipur is 3,585.
The Chothes (Chawhte) are one of the Kuki-Chin ethnic stock of Riam (Rem/Riem) group inhabiting Jampui Hills in mid-eastern parts of Tripura, Sinlung Hills Development Council of Mizoram, Pherzawl, Chandel and Tengnoupal districts of Manipur and some part of Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. The genealogical tree of the Chothe and Riam/ Rem/Riem from progenitor SERIM to Chonkim to Khulsong (650 BC) is substantiated in the below chart for better understanding, (Source: Ralngam Chawhte).
The Riam / Rem also consist of the various Halam ethnic group in Tripura comprising of Koloi, Korbong, Kaipeng, Bong, Sakachap, Thangachap, Deb or Nabin, Bongcher, Molson, Rupini, Rangkhowl (Hrangkhawl), Chorei, Lankai, Kaireng (Darlong), Ranglong, Marchafang and Saihmar. Riam are akin to Khawsak/ Khosah (Thadou & Kins) people in terms of history, migration, common grammatical phrases and words, folklore, dispersed point and culture along with dietary preparation habit. Together along with the Khawsak (Thadou & Kins) community in Assam and Mizoram they formed a ethnic group who are composed of Aimuol (Aimol), Chawhte (Chothe), Biete, Saihmar, Faihriam/Sairem (Purum), Chiru, Hrangkhawl, Sakachep, Molson (Mualthum) and Chorei. The Riam/Rem group of the Kuki-Chin people are minority in Manipur composed of Kom, Aimol, Chothe, Tarao, Chiru, Koireng (Koren), Kharam and Purum (Sairem) due to Political influence and Naganisation of minorities during 1960s by Manipuri Nagas. The Pawi (Poi) community resided in southern Mizoram and Chinhills are the same people, who are known as Maring tribe of Manipur. The Kuki-Chin Poi/Maring clansmen in Bangladesh are usually referred as Morung.
Notes:
I. Nuyai-Pajai Origin - (Leiduppi-Leithaopi):
1) Mihem,
2) Milhem,
3) Vomchong,
4) Hanglai,
5) Lupho,
6) Pholun,
7) Phomang,
8) Lupheng,
9) Lhanghal,
10) Hangmi,
11) Misao,
12) Leivon,
13) Lungthraw,
14) Buite,
15) Neitham.
(Source: Albert Z. Milhem)
II. Tuisoget Origin Pu Lunkim:
1) Pu Lenthang,
2) Pu Changsan,
3) Pu Lhang-um,
4) Pu Thangeo,
5) Pu Lhungdim,
6) Pu Songkip,
7) Pu Songhao.
(Source: Len Khongsai).
3. Leisanbung@ Khul Origin: Manasseh to Mikan & A gap of 7-9 Generations and the (Seven) Sons/ Descendants of "PU KHULSONG", Progenitor of the Manmasi @ Manasseh Kukis of Kuki Hills in outer Manipur:
1. SONGTHU,
2. SONGZA,
3. SONGKIP,
4. ZAHONG,
5. ZAKHAI,
6. SONMANG,
7. SONGHEN,
(Source: YT Haokip, President, TTC-GHQ).
4. Ten Lost Tribes- Biblical Accounts & Encyclopedia: Biblical account has recorded upto 7 generations (Manasseh -Rephah), according to Genesis 46:20 & Numbers 26:29-34, and 1 Chronicles 7:18, with 9 more non-biblical (Rephah-Mikan) sources such as 'The Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol.8,page 130, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Genealogy, Vol.1, page 145, and Kuki-Chin Genealogical Experts and Clanheads.
5. A Brief profile of the Chothe Tribe by Shyleyn.
6. Various Traditional Shawls and Longis Courtesy: L. Chawhte, Ruonglevaisuo/ Lunglehwaisuh, Kuki Hills.
_______________________
The Riam / Rem also consist of the various Halam ethnic group in Tripura comprising of Koloi, Korbong, Kaipeng, Bong, Sakachap, Thangachap, Deb or Nabin, Bongcher, Molson, Rupini, Rangkhowl (Hrangkhawl), Chorei, Lankai, Kaireng (Darlong), Ranglong, Marchafang and Saihmar. Riam are akin to Khawsak/ Khosah (Thadou & Kins) people in terms of history, migration, common grammatical phrases and words, folklore, dispersed point and culture along with dietary preparation habit. Together along with the Khawsak (Thadou & Kins) community in Assam and Mizoram they formed a ethnic group who are composed of Aimuol (Aimol), Chawhte (Chothe), Biete, Saihmar, Faihriam/Sairem (Purum), Chiru, Hrangkhawl, Sakachep, Molson (Mualthum) and Chorei. The Riam/Rem group of the Kuki-Chin people are minority in Manipur composed of Kom, Aimol, Chothe, Tarao, Chiru, Koireng (Koren), Kharam and Purum (Sairem) due to Political influence and Naganisation of minorities during 1960s by Manipuri Nagas. The Pawi (Poi) community resided in southern Mizoram and Chinhills are the same people, who are known as Maring tribe of Manipur. The Kuki-Chin Poi/Maring clansmen in Bangladesh are usually referred as Morung.
Notes:
I. Nuyai-Pajai Origin - (Leiduppi-Leithaopi):
1) Mihem,
2) Milhem,
3) Vomchong,
4) Hanglai,
5) Lupho,
6) Pholun,
7) Phomang,
8) Lupheng,
9) Lhanghal,
10) Hangmi,
11) Misao,
12) Leivon,
13) Lungthraw,
14) Buite,
15) Neitham.
(Source: Albert Z. Milhem)
II. Tuisoget Origin Pu Lunkim:
1) Pu Lenthang,
2) Pu Changsan,
3) Pu Lhang-um,
4) Pu Thangeo,
5) Pu Lhungdim,
6) Pu Songkip,
7) Pu Songhao.
(Source: Len Khongsai).
3. Leisanbung@ Khul Origin: Manasseh to Mikan & A gap of 7-9 Generations and the (Seven) Sons/ Descendants of "PU KHULSONG", Progenitor of the Manmasi @ Manasseh Kukis of Kuki Hills in outer Manipur:
1. SONGTHU,
2. SONGZA,
3. SONGKIP,
4. ZAHONG,
5. ZAKHAI,
6. SONMANG,
7. SONGHEN,
(Source: YT Haokip, President, TTC-GHQ).
4. Ten Lost Tribes- Biblical Accounts & Encyclopedia: Biblical account has recorded upto 7 generations (Manasseh -Rephah), according to Genesis 46:20 & Numbers 26:29-34, and 1 Chronicles 7:18, with 9 more non-biblical (Rephah-Mikan) sources such as 'The Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol.8,page 130, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Genealogy, Vol.1, page 145, and Kuki-Chin Genealogical Experts and Clanheads.
5. A Brief profile of the Chothe Tribe by Shyleyn.
6. Various Traditional Shawls and Longis Courtesy: L. Chawhte, Ruonglevaisuo/ Lunglehwaisuh, Kuki Hills.
_______________________
Chothe Kuki traditional shawls (for gents),
Courtesy: LB Ralngam Chawhte.
Chothe Kuki traditional shawls (for ladies),
Courtesy: LB Ralngam Chawhte.
~ WKZIC
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