ZOU GAL (1917-1919) TANCHIN TOMKIM: Dr. S. Thangboi Zou

KUM 1917-19 kikal sung Zou ten atenna gam Manipur simlam leh Chin Hills mallam gamkuol sung ah ana kigen minthang Biritish-te nasatah in ana dou uhi. British laigelte ah tami gal pen Kuki Uprising, Kuki Rising chite in ana kigiellut a, hinanleh Zou namten zong atenna gamkai sung uah ana gal ana sat uh ahiman in ‘Zou Gal’ chiin akhang-khang in ana kihil sawn ua, tunitanphah in Zou nam sung ah British toh ana kidouna uh ‘Zou Gal’ chiin ana chiemte den uhi. Zou pi leh pu ten ‘Zou Gal’ chia ana thei mai ban ah, British vaihawmtu khen khat in zong Zou min ana giel lut uhi. Aizawl a pansa British Superintendent record ah “Zoho Ral”, “Joh tribesmen”, “Zo” chite in ana kikhum lut hi. Tualeh, British te Map bawlna ah Manipur simlam leh Chin Hills mallam gamkuol sung a gal hel bawl kho tuom tuomte kikoina ah, Zou khuo tampi tel hi (Fig. 1). Zou Gal beinua kum 1926 in, Zou kuol sung a Pasianthu ana tangkoupi Lushai missionary mi ni Pu Hransuaka leh Dawnthuama in zong alaihahna uah “amaute khota neu nounou ah teeng in, lawki sakhuo jui ua, hausa te atangpi in Manlun be hi ua, tualeh anam pumpi un Zou kichi uhi”, chiin ana giel uhi. Tuabanah, “kumpeisa sawt nailou in Zouten solkar ana dou uhi”, chiin zong ana giel belap uhi. 

Bang zieh a Zou Gal ana um ahiei? 

Europe ah kum 1914-1918 sung in Kidoupi Khatna thupitah um hi. Leitung kidoupi khatna zong kichi hi. Tam hun lai in eigam zong Mangkangte uhna nuoi ah um hi. Mangkangten Manipur lengpa leh agam pumpi ana opkhum in, Imphal khopi a British Durbar kichi inpi ah tou in vai hawm uhi. Zouten mangkangte vaihawmna nuoi a lungkimlouna ananeite uh tam anuoi a bang ahi: 

1. Panchi piehdan: Panchi (hill house tax) chia Manipur kumpi in kum khat in dangka teng thum innsuona in dong zing uhi. Singtang louhou a kitoudelte a ing in dangka teng thum pen tua hunlai in tam mama hi. Singtanggam pumpi ah kumkhat sung in dangka teng singsagi dongkhie ua, tualah ah kumkhat in singkhat leh sangsagi vel tanggam a dingin sengkhie giep uhi. Tuachi’n Manipur kumpi in singtangmite leh agam khantouna ding a nasepkhiet bangma neilou hi. 

2. Van paw ding a kinawhna: Tami khu mangkam ah Labour Corps/Recruitment zong kichi hi. British kumpi thupieh dungjui in Manipur lengpa Churachand Singh in March 1917 in singtang hausa teng hankhom a, France gam (Tuitaw zong kichi) leh leitung kidoupina munte a British galkapte vanpaw ding mi sawl ding in thu pesawn hi. Zou leh Thadou-Kuki hausaten lemsahpieh lou uhi. Zouten bangzieh a tami Labour Corps (Tuitaw gal) a kuon ding ana deilou uh ahiei chi tomkim in envai: 

(a) Insunga tahsa hat pen in pawtsan taleh anuasie insungmite a di’a neh leh dawn sui ding mi kitasam ding; (b) Insung a pasian mai a kithoina khu innsung-thuneipen pa (head) umlou in kibawl theilou hi. Tualeh, insung mi kimlou in kithona kibawl ngailou hi; (c) Zou nungahten a lawmngai tangvalte a taan khah ding zau zieh un Tuitaw a kuonkhiet ding phal lou in, mangsiet khum ahi dan uh genpi uhi; (d) Zouten tuipi gal kan khu chindan hoilou in ngai ua, dam a kinuale kia nonlou ding in ki muongmaw uhi. 

Tam bang a Zou leh Thadou hausa ten British thupieh anuol chieng un Manipur a British Political Agent, J.C. Higgins in agalkapte toh October 1917 in Lonpi (Mombi) khuo hausa Ngulkhup Haokip man dingin kuon uhi. Ngulkhup leh akhomiteng ana kihem mang uhi. Higgins leh asepaiten Mombi khuo haltum ua, Imphal ah kinuole kia uhi. Tuazou in Higgins in koima France ah kuon ngai se nonlou ding, hinanleh hausa thumanglou a ana kiphinte British thuneina nuoi a kipelut (surrender) ding in, thu pie hi. Tua ahisihleh phalbi hun sung ngei a hausa thumangloute thuhilna va bawl ding ahidan gen hi. 

Mangkangte dou dinga kisahkholna 

Manipur lengpa tungtawn a British uhpi in vanpoh dinga athupieh jui nuomlou ahiman un, British sepaiten hing bulu ding chi atheita ua, Zou hausate lamkai in Zou sulphate galsat ding in kisingsa ta uhi. Kum 1917 sung in hausate lamkaina toh kimukhomnam Hiangtam, Behiang, Singngat, Buhsau kholah ah gal bawl dingdan ana kikum uhi. Singngat leh Buhsau khuo a kihoukhomna (meeting) tegel Manipur Political Agent Higgins in zong ana chiemte kha hi. Buhsau hausapu Henthang in siel khat gou a, Zou galkap dinga mansa a um mi 700 vel pha hi, chiin giel hi. Khuo hausa mi 22 vatel ua, solkar in thagum suo a ahing nawh uleh ana dou ding ua, tuabanah Ukha hausapu leh amite chielna bangin zong va panpi ding uh ahidan Higgins laigelna ah kitahlang hi. 

Tuahunlai in laigelthei mi ana umlou ahiman in, solkar kunga thupo ding in maltapawm khat singkho dawn ah naang-nem khat leh akhau khat in kankhom ua, lampu te posah uhi. Galvan ding in suongkep-thau, siallum-thau(pumpi) chite nei ua, tualeh khokiim ah galpanna dingin khoubaang bawl in akiim ah sou phut ua, tuabanah mun poimawnate ah suongkhai thaang kam uhi. Zoute kigalgingdan J.C. Higgins in athei chieng in tambang in British vaihawm uliente kungah lai hah a: “Kamudan in tam lang ah gal zauhuoi leh saupi nei ding ibang uhi…Manlun-Manchongte (Zou teng genna) hing kipan tamawh uleh, thau tampi nei ngei ding un gintat um hi. Chin gamgizul khu tami namte haatna mun ahi zieh in.” chiin giel hi. 

Kidouna 

Zou gal tanchin ipi-pu ten atu-atate ana hisawn ua pat in tampi ina thei ua, laibu khenkhatte ah zong ina giel uhi. Atanchin itheisate uh banah tukhanga Britishte laigel leh lekha poimaw(documents) te archive leh library apat ana kisuikhe kia hi. I gam a Zou galhangten British sepaite ana douna mun lah ah, British laigel te apat muthei leh gentham ching dieh te: Tuibom kikaptuona, Gotengkot, Buhsau, Singngat, Hiangtam kulh, ahi deu hi. Tamte aban ban in en vai. 

Tuibom a kikapna: 1917 kum beikuon in Mangkang galkapten Sugunu ah panmun bawl uhi. Maniur Political Agent W.A. Cosgrave leh Lieutenant Halliday lamkaina toh simlang gamkai a Zou leh Mangvung-Haokipte tenna khote siim ding in kuon suh uhi. Sugunu khel a Chakpi lui galkaina Tuibom kichina mun ah Zou leh Haokip galkapten ana lamtan in ana kaap uhi. Kikaptuona nasatah um a, tuanah Cosgrave leh agalkapten ma naw thei talou uhi. L.W. Shakespear laibu sung a kigeldan in, Cosgrave leh agalkapten nangzou nawnlou in kinuale kia uhi. Tualeh, Mangkang sepaite mi thum in shina tuoh ua, mi tampi zong liem uhi. “Melmate hatseng ahiman in, Imphal ah kilekia mai uhi” chiin kigiel hi. Tami kikaptuona ah Captain Halliday in zong shina tuoh a, ama leh ami shisate luong tui tung ah kilap den uh ahidan Shakespear in gen hi. Tuibom kikapna a galzawna laa Pu Goulian Dopmul in tambang in ana phuo hi: Tuizum pan leidou hing khang e; Tuonglam ah matan ing e, Tuibom ah lal luong awng e! 

Gotengkot kikaptuona: Gal ahat seng tah zieh in, January 27, 1918 in, Lennakot, Chin Hills apat mangkang sepaite Catain Steadman lamkaina in Guun leh Kana luipang a khosa Zou galhangte sim ding in hing kuon tou uhi. Ahing kuontouna uah Pu Ngulbul Haokip khuo Longza hing simtou in haltum uhi. Tuachin Gun lui kantan in Haika (Kathuong) khuo bulu ding a lam azawt lai un, Haika khogei a Gotengkot kulh ah Zou leh Mangvung/Haokip galhangte kithuo in mangkangte ana bukap uhi. Tam kikaptuina ah Pu Thawngkhai, Pu Ngulbul Pu Somthawng, Pu Amvum, Pu Sumkhohaute lamkai uhi. Zou galkapte khu goteng muntah ah pang ua, Mangvungte khu muoltung ah pang uhi. Zou galkap Pu Doungul lamkaina in kotgenga pangten ana kap masa pai uhi. Tuatahin muoltung lama pangten suongkhaithang ang satpel uleh Mangkang galkap tamtah suongtum kiliaten a denglumta hi. Muolvum a pangte leh kotgenga pangten kikap huon ua, Mangkang galkapte pangtheilou in hunkhop tah kaplum uhi. 

Gotengkot kulh kidouna tanchin L.W. Shakespeare in zong tambang in ana giel hi: “Tami kikapna ah Captain Steadman khu kalkap ulien umsun hi a, aman helpawlte panmun lukhiet sawm in galma phu nanleh, zoulou hi. Captain Steadman galkapte mi som-leh-khat shi ua, Steadman toh sim in tampi liem uhi. Steadman tahsa ah aliemna mun thum um a, ama leh a sepaite Lennakot ah kinuale kia uhi. Tami tuohsietna ahileh vangsiet huoi vawt khat ahi a, Mangkang lamkai khat chitlana zieh ahi”. 

Buhsau Buluna: 

Buhsau khuo khu Saipheh zong ana kichi hi. Tami kikatuona tanchin ahileh Manipur Political Agent W.A. Cosgrave Diary bu sung apat muthei ahi. Cosgrave geldan in, Mangkang sepaite Tohtol lui gei ah busa uhi. March 16, 1917 ni in Tohtol mun apat kuontou in Buhsau va bulu ua, Zou galkapte ana pang ua, hunsawt kuomtah kikaptuo uhi. Tuanah Mangkang lama ah Nepali galkap Sirman Khatri kichipa Zou galkapten abantang kapkha uhi. Sepoy Ambor Bhadur Chettri kichipa khu kikapkha in amun ah shi pai hi. Mangkang ten thautang giel kie bang in kap ua, tuanah Zoute pangzou nawnlou in kihemkhie uhi. Tuazou in khosunga innteng haltum ua, Singngat khuo sim ding in kuon tou uhi. Buhsau kikapna ah vangsiet huoitah in hausapu Henthang Lianzaw leh azi banah atanu-ngehsen nalai te Mangkang sepaiten kaplum uhi. 

Singngat Mangkangten Opkhum: 

Buhsau kihalta ahiman in Singngat a Zou galkapten hing kibulu ahi, chi ana lam-et ta uhi. Cosgrave makaina toh mangkangte Paldai luigei ah kinga uhi. March 17, 1918 ni in Singngat khuo Mangkang galkapten bulu in opkhum uhi. Mangkang galkap mi zakhat Captain Ostrehan in pui a, tualeh galkap mi somguhte Cosgrave leh Lieutenant Carter in lamkai uhi. Zou galkap pasal ni galvil dinga kuonte lah ah khatpen galte enkhe dinga singdawn a ava katou leh galten ana mu in, agalkap uleh apheipi langkhat kapkha ua, ama zong peithei nonlou ahimanin, alawipan Singngat kulpi tan pawtung hi. Tambang vangsietna atuoh ban uah, aliempa abuoipina utoh Zou galkapten Singngat kulpi vengbit zou talou uhi. Tami toh kituoh chet in Cosgrave in agelna ah, “galten thau khatvei maimai kap ua, mikhat nasatah a liem hiding in ginmaw um hi aziehpen sisan akhotan in lampi ah kai mat den hi” chi hi. Aman agel zelna ah, “Akhotung lang a munjang khat ah mi somnga vel kikul theina ding khat kamu ua, tua banah panmun neunou tampi akhosung lutna tan ah muthei in um hi”, chi hi. “Khosung kalut tah un koima ana um tasih a, tuanah kaki ngata uhi. Singngat ahileh inn somli leh sagi vel phazou a, khuo lien khat ahi”, chiin giel hi. 

Hiangtam Kulpi Buluna: 

Hiangtam kul ahileh Zou Gal lai a Zou kalgapte kul lienpen ahi. Khotuom tuom apat Zou galkapte Hiangtam kulpi ah kimukhom jel ua, galsat dingdan leh panlah dingdan kikum zing uhi. Mangkangten Singngat ahal tum zou un March 19, 1918 ni in Hiangtam zuon ta uhi. Ahing kuon un Hiangtam khote loulai a bu kikoi maund 100 vel hing haltum malam uhi. Mangkangten Hiangtam kul a umte thupie in, “nang kipiehkhiet sih ulehmun dang ka bawl bang ua chizatna bei a hing bawl ding kahi ua; tualeh nakul uh vanleng toh hing kap ding hi ung” chi uhi. Tuabepin Pu Goulun, Hiangtam hausapu in “Vanlenga nang kap uleh Ahgawchiengin kang na vatkhe pai ding uhi” chiin dawng hi. Mangkangte Hiangtam khuovum ahing kal chieng un, Zou galkapten ana apan mun (bunker) apat thau leh pumpi zang in ana kap pai uhi. Cosgrave in agenna ah, Mangkang galkap zietlang panga peite lah ah Sepoy Harka Bahadur Zou ten kapkha pai in, amun ah shi pai hi. Dahkal tampi kikaptuona um a, Zou galkapten apanmun uh taisan lou in pang tinten ua, Mangkangten mortal toh tamveipi akap bep chieng un, lut zou ham uhi. 

Zou miluite gendan in, hunsawtpi kikaptuon nua in thauging khawl a, tuamin Pu Kamkeleng gal en dinga kul dawn a akatou leh, mangkang galkapten na kap in, alutang kapkha ua, amun ah shi pai hi. Tualeh Pu Suohkham zong apanna mun hawm (vang) apat in thautang khat in kha in shi kia leuleu hi. Tami tangthu nakigen pen, Cosgrave laigel toh nakituoh hi. Aman agelna ah, kulsung kalut chieng un sisan tampi mu thei in um a, huohbu tuollai a kithethang zong kamu uh, chi hi. Tuabanah, mundang khat ah zong sisan hunkhoppi muthei in um a, midang bangzat aheikhat in zong shina tuoh hidinga agintat dan gen hi. Cosgrave in Hiangtam kikaptuona khu mundanga teng sanga hamsazaw asahdan gen a, “Hiangtam kidouna khu ahamsapen leh Manipur Kukite khauna pen leh kithutouha pankhomna detpen hiding in kamu a; tu’a idou uh Manlun-Manchong Kukite khu Column No.2 in akidoupi Kukite lah ah ahatpen hi ngei ding in kilang hi”, chiin gen hi. Mangkangten tami mun ah thautang 1300 val kapkhie uh ahidan zong gen uhi. 

Thautang kitasamlou leh thaupi (mortal) zanga kul ang kapsiet sengsung bepun, pan ngaidan um talouin Zou galkapte kihemmangta uhi. Tami kulpi thupi mama khu Zou galkapte panmun hoipen leh nukhie pen ahitah siehin Zou galkapte chimawta uhi. Hinanleh tawpsan tuonlou in aguh-gal in alemtangna munte ah nakap zom veve uhi. 

Zou khotuom-tuom kibuluna: Mangkangten Hiangtam luo den in Thana in touden uhi. Hiangtam apat akimlah a khote vabanlu sel uhi. Tambanga a bawlna lam ua, March 21, 1918 ni in Tongjang ah Pu Lunzamang (Somlun), Pu Sumhau, Pu Thankithang, Pu Lamzakhai, Pu Selkithang, Pu Tunzakham leh adangte toh vakikaptuo uhi. Hita khuo ah zong Pu Suohvel leh Pu Thanglang lamkaina in na dou uhi. Amauten zong nang zou tuomlou in kihemmang zel uhi. 

Kum 1918, May habul janlai khat in, Mangkang galkap Subedar Bhowani Singh lamkaina Pangmual (Chin Hills) Thana apat in Ngaljang khuo vasim ua, tuanah Pu Lamdou Samte, Pu Lamkhai, Pu Gouthang, Pu Gouhau, Pu Onchin leh Pu Ongou te lamkaina in ana nang uhi. Hinanleh nangzou tuomlou in Ngaljang khosah lam ah kihemmang uhi. Ngaljang kihalna toh kisai in W.L. Shakespear in tambang in giel hi: Subedar Bhowani Singh lamkai in Ngaljang lochingtah in vabulu zou in, vahaltum ta uhi; tammun ah, mi nil eh thum vel in shina leh liemna tuoh uhi”. Tuahunlai a mangkangte kamlet a pang mikhat in alaigelna (dated 23rd May 1918) ah tambangin gen hi: “Tuajan in Subedar leh agalkate Ngalzang bulu ding in kuonkhie uhi; Subedar kung ah I melmate uh khosungah a um uhi, chia kagen laitah in, melmaten thau in ang kap pai ua, galkapten zong kapthuh ngal uhi. Tuami’n khosung ah kalut ua, innteng kahaltum zou un, Pangmual ah kakile kia ta uhi”. 

Zou Gal beina 

Mangkangten Behiang gamteng midang khut a pekhebei dinga ana vau zieh un, agam tanlaw ding ngai ngamlou in Behiang hausa Pu Langzachin October 1918 in Hiangtam a Mangkang galkapte khut ah ana kiphekhe masapen hi. Lamkai Langzachin kiphekhe nanleh, Zou Gal pen ana bei nai tuanlou hi. Hinanleh, kum 1919 bullam apat Zou khoteng Mangkang galkapten haltum leh luodim beita ahiman in, Zou galkapte hat zou nawn talou uhi. Tuachin, Khodah Vum a Galngam Suongding bul ah kihoukhomna na nei in, mangkangte khut a kipekhe mai ding in thupuona nala uhi. Tuazou in Hiangtam Thana ah tam anuoi a Zou lamkaite ana kipekhie ua, amaute: Pu Goulun, Pu Lagou, Pu Somthong, Pu Thonghau, Pu Henkham, Pu Vungdam, Pu Khaikhogin, Pu Helthawng, Pu Lampum, Pu Salet, Pu Gouthang, chite ana hi uhi. Hiangtam a hun phabep sung a umpi zou un Imphal Thongh ah a khum ua, kumkhat vel zou in kumpiten ang hakheta uhi. Hiangtam a Zou lamkaite thongtang a, aum lai un, Pu Lagou a zi leh ata thum natna (influenza) tun sieh in Singngat khuo ah shi uhi. Mangkangte kung ah shivuina tel ding in Pu Lagou ngen uhi. Mangkangten ni-awng (suti) nit hum pie ua, tua hun sungin ama thatangin a innsungmite khatam khum ua, Pu Lagou atun kia in a thatanga kikhumpa hakhe pan uhi. 

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@EimiNews

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